{"id":49,"date":"2021-04-13T08:43:55","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T06:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/?page_id=49"},"modified":"2021-04-13T08:43:55","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T06:43:55","slug":"pravni-ochrana-v-ceske-republice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/pravni-ochrana-v-ceske-republice\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\u010cesk\u00e1<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00dast\u0159ed\u00ed lidov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho dekretem presidenta republiky \u010d. 110\/1945 Sb. a upraven\u00e9ho z\u00e1konem \u010d. 56\/1957 Sb, se \u010d\u00e1st b\u00fdval\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u00daLUV stala \u010dleny Sdru\u017een\u00ed lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Toto Sdru\u017een\u00ed bylo z\u0159\u00edzeno v roce 1992 podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 83\/1990 Sb. a na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona \u010d. 455\/1991 Sb. o \u017eivnostensk\u00e9m podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle \u00a773a, odst.1 tohoto z\u00e1kona stanovila vl\u00e1da vl\u00e1dn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u010d. 140\/2000 Sb. seznam oboru \u017eivnost\u00ed voln\u00fdch a vl\u00e1dn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u010d. 469\/2000 Sb. v p\u0159\u00edloze \u010d. 4 obsahovou n\u00e1pl\u0148 t\u011bchto \u017eivnost\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u017eivnosti ohla\u0161ovac\u00ed, pro jejich\u017e provozov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivnostensk\u00fd z\u00e1kon nevy\u017eaduje prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00e9 ani jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilosti. \u017divnost m\u016f\u017ee provozovat fyzick\u00e1 nebo pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba, spln\u00ed-li podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 v \u00a76 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 445\/1991 Sb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edloze \u010d. 4 vl. na\u0159. 469\/2000 Sb. se tradi\u010dn\u00edch lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesel a lidov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tyto skupiny \u017eivnost\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skupina<\/th>Popis<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
10<\/td>textiln\u00ed vl\u00e1kna<\/td><\/tr>
11<\/td>textiln\u00ed v\u00fdrobky (mimo od\u011bvy)<\/td><\/tr>
14<\/td>v\u00fd\u0161ivka, batika, pleten\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/td><\/tr>
15<\/td>v\u00fdroba bra\u0161n\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a sedl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed z k\u016f\u017ee<\/td><\/tr>
16<\/td>v\u00fdroba obuvi<\/td><\/tr>
19<\/td>um\u011blecko \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva<\/td><\/tr>
23<\/td>vazba knih<\/td><\/tr>
31<\/td>keramika a porcel\u00e1n (mimo bi\u017euterii a hra\u010dky)<\/td><\/tr>
38<\/td>kov\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a v\u00fdroba kovov\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
39<\/td>tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologie um\u011blecko \u0159emesln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
57<\/td>v\u00fdroba hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
59<\/td>v\u00fdroba hra\u010dek v\u010detn\u011b textiln\u00edch panenek<\/td><\/tr>
61<\/td>v\u00fdroba bi\u017euterie<\/td><\/tr>
62<\/td>kart\u00e1\u010dnictv\u00ed a de\u0161tnik\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
76<\/td>st\u00e1nkov\u00fd prodej<\/td><\/tr>
108<\/td>n\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a design\u00e9rsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00dadaje o jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00edc\u00edch jsou uvedeny v \u017eivnostensk\u00e9m rejst\u0159\u00edku Podle \u00a760 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 455\/1991 Sb.. Tyto \u00fadaje jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm seznamem, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd v elektronick\u00e9 podob\u011b na adrese http\/\/rzp.mpo.cz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fyzick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, provozuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivnosti voln\u00e9, mohou b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dleny Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komory v duchu z\u00e1kona \u010d.301\/1992 Sb. Komora a jej\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adovny poskytuj\u00ed poradensk\u00e9 a konzulta\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby \u010dlen\u016fm, organizuj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a propaga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost a navazuj\u00ed styky s obdobn\u00fdmi komorami v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Z\u0159izuj\u00ed a organizuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 instituce a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na podporu rozvoje podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedle Sdru\u017een\u00ed lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f vznikla tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e1 samostatn\u00e1 profesn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Sdru\u017een\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00fdch kov\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Brn\u011b, Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed spolek um\u011bleck\u00fdch \u0159emesel a Svaz drobn\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a um\u011blc\u016f v Praze, nebo Asociace mal\u00ed\u0159ek a mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f kraslic v Libotenic\u00edch. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto mezi t\u011bmito sdru\u017een\u00edmi zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Rudolfinea, sdru\u017een\u00ed pro um\u011bleck\u00e1 \u0159emesla se s\u00eddlem v Roztok\u00e1ch u Prahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00daLUV a jeho Kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch jizeb na\u0161li lidov\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci mo\u017enost prod\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky na tzv. trz\u00edch lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesel, kter\u00e9 se v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily ve m\u011bstech zejm\u00e9na u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed obnovy b\u00fdval\u00fdch „jarmark\u016f“, nebo p\u0159i folklorn\u00edch festivalech. Vznikly tak\u00e9 monotematick\u00e9 trhy, organizovan\u00e9 na ekonomick\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad zn\u00e1m\u00e9 hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 trhy v Beroun\u011b nebo v Kun\u0161t\u00e1t\u011b. P\u0159\u00ednosem v tomto ohledu byl vznik prodejen Manufaktura organizace \u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podnik, s.r.o. se s\u00eddlem v Praze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S rozvojem z\u00e1jmu ve\u0159ejnosti o rukod\u011blnou pr\u00e1ci vznikly nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kurzy a lidov\u00e9 konzervato\u0159e, jejich\u017e absolventi mohou z\u00edskat \u017eivnostensk\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed v oboru \u017eivnost\u00ed voln\u00fdch a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed ke st\u00e1nkov\u00e9mu prodeji. P\u0159i absenci osv\u011bty, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na hodnocen\u00ed lidov\u00e9 rukod\u011bln\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, doch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto k poklesu technologick\u00e9 k\u00e1zn\u011b a v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Jde o historicky se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed specifickou oblast kulturn\u00edch hodnot, obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch i hodnoty ekonomick\u00e9. Vlivem glob\u00e1ln\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, vlivem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho turismu a s rozvojem tr\u017en\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se oblast tradi\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a lidov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm, jak to uk\u00e1zala konference UNESCO st\u00e1t\u016f st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy v roce 1997 ve Str\u00e1\u017enici, konan\u00e1 pod n\u00e1zvem Z\u00e1sady ochrany tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 kultury p\u0159ed nevhodnou komercializac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na toto t\u00e9ma p\u0159ijali \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci konference metodickou studii. V n\u00ed se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m komercializace tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 kultury je na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b diversifikov\u00e1n podle podm\u00ednek v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se vlivem glob\u00e1ln\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, vlivem turismu a rozvojem tr\u017en\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm. V obecn\u00e9 poloze v\u0161echny v\u00fdhody civilizace a vlastn\u011b i na\u0161e existence jsou zalo\u017eeny na tom, \u017ee se u\u010d\u00edme prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tradic. I v\u0161echny snahy n\u00e1rod\u016f a n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch men\u0161in o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jsou \u017eiveny tradicemi. S r\u016fstem vzd\u011blanosti a materi\u00e1ln\u00edch jistot roste i touha \u010dlov\u011bka po pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dosavadn\u00edch hodnot, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch generacemi, k obohacen\u00ed jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Charakteristick\u00fdm rysem tohoto procesu je, \u017ee zanikaj\u00edc\u00ed prvky tradic jsou v\u011bdom\u011b tezaurov\u00e1ny ve form\u011b nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1pis\u016f a dokumenta\u010dn\u00edch fond\u016f a takto vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako podn\u011bt i pro nov\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed aktivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto smyslu vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky p\u0159ijala usnesen\u00ed \u010d. 571\/2003 Sb. ke Koncepci \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidovou kulturu v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Usnesen\u00ed navazuje na dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky realizace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch dokument\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jako je Doporu\u010den\u00ed k ochran\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ijat\u00e9 Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed konferenc\u00ed UNESCO v roce 1989, d\u00e1le Rezoluce Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu ze 16.1.2001, navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na \u00damluvu o ochran\u011b sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00ed dokumenty. V tomto usnesen\u00ed formuluje vl\u00e1da z\u00e1sady konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed realizace uveden\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch dokument\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Pov\u011b\u0159uje instituce a organizace st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a samospr\u00e1vy up\u0159esnit identifikaci jev\u016f tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 kultury, dokumentaci jejich stavu a prom\u011bn, a vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro jej\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V souvislosti s t\u011bmito \u00fakoly doporu\u010duje hledat mo\u017enosti a zp\u016fsoby jejich prezentace a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm generac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V oboru p\u00e9\u010de o uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoj lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesel a lidov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby se mohou zainteresovan\u00e9 organizace op\u00edrat o formulace \u00damluvy o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed nemateri\u00e1ln\u00edho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, p\u0159ijat\u00e9 Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed konferenc\u00ed UNESCO 17. \u0159\u00edjna 2003 v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, v n\u00ed\u017e se zd\u016fraz\u0148uje – vedle jin\u00fdch jev\u016f – zejm\u00e9na „dovednosti spojen\u00e9 s lidov\u00fdmi \u0159emesly.“ Pro napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to \u00damluvy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vl. usnesen\u00ed 571\/2003 Sb. velmi dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00dast\u0159ed\u00ed lidov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho dekretem presidenta republiky \u010d. 110\/1945 Sb. a upraven\u00e9ho z\u00e1konem \u010d. 56\/1957 Sb, se \u010d\u00e1st b\u00fdval\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u00daLUV stala … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50,"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/50"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lidovaremesla.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}